An early female poet-saint within the Vaishnava devotional tradition, whose verses of longing for Vishnu are recited as scripture and stand among the earliest attributed female voices in this archive.
Andal is an early poet-saint within the Vaishnava devotional tradition, and one of the earliest attributed female voices this archive covers. Her verses of longing for Vishnu are treated within her tradition as scripture in their own right, recited in temple practice alongside the compositions of male poet-saints and philosophers.
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A path of loving devotion to the divine — one of the most influential and socially far-reaching currents in Indian religious thought.
A sixteenth-century poet-saint whose devotional verses to Krishna, composed in defiance of the social constraints placed on her, remain among the most widely sung bhakti poetry in the tradition.
An influential Vedanta philosopher who developed a qualified non-dualism, arguing for real distinction between self, world, and ultimate reality even within their unity.
A major devotional tradition centered on Vishnu, distinguished by the doctrine of avatara — divine descent into the world across cosmic time to restore right order.