Dharma

A cluster of ideas around duty, order, and right conduct that is understood differently across Indian traditions.

interpretation. Interpretation — one way of reading the material among several.
Tradition: hinduism Tradition: buddhism Tradition: jainism Theme: ethics Theme: dharma Theme: society

Dharma is one of the most frequently used — and most frequently oversimplified — terms in Indian thought. It has no single English equivalent, and its meaning shifts depending on the tradition and the text.

Why one definition doesn't work

In some contexts it points toward cosmic and social order; in others toward individual duty appropriate to one's situation; in Buddhist usage it often refers to the teaching itself or to the elements of experience. This page treats "dharma" as a concept with a history, not as a fixed doctrine.

Across traditions (descriptive, not prescriptive)

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Sources & further reading

Related in the archive

Text

The Bhagavad Gita

A 700-verse philosophical dialogue set within the Mahabharata, addressing duty, action, and the nature of the self.

Concept

Karma

The principle linking action to consequence, understood differently across Indian traditions.

Concept

Moksha

Liberation or release, framed as the ultimate aim in several Indian traditions — with each defining what it means differently.

Tradition

Vedanta

A family of interpretive schools centered on the Upanishads, the Brahma Sutras, and the Bhagavad Gita.

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Next → Karma The principle linking action to consequence, understood differently across Indian traditions.